Chapter at a glance
An informative piece on India’s traditional hand fans (pankhas): the materials and designs of different regions, such as appliqué and zardozi fans of Rajasthan, mirror-work and bead fans of Gujarat, and sola fans of Bengal. Once everyday objects, they are now mostly craft items.
What this chapter covers
- Reflect and Respond (pre-reading)
- The lesson text with glossary
- Check Your Understanding
- Language and writing activities
Key points
- This unit pairs the lesson with the poem ‘Canvas of Soil’.
Read the NCERT chapter
Read this chapter in the official NCERT textbook Kaveri (2026-27 edition) for free on ncert.nic.in.
Source: NCERT, Kaveri, Grade 9 (2026-27). NCERT chapter PDF. Spotted a mistake? Email edura.class9.yt@gmail.com. Last updated 11 October 2026.