Chapter at a glance
Types of mixtures (homogeneous and heterogeneous; solutions, suspensions and colloids) and the techniques used to separate them, ending with the Tyndall effect.
What this chapter covers
- 5.1 How Can We Classify Mixtures?
- 5.2 Solutions
- 5.3 Methods of Separation of Homogeneous Mixtures
- 5.4 How Can We Separate the Components of Heterogeneous Mixtures?
- 5.5 Tyndall Effect
Key points
- Crystallisation gives a pure solid from a saturated solution.
- Distillation separates miscible liquids whose boiling points differ by at least 25 °C.
- Paper chromatography, separating funnel (immiscible liquids), sublimation and deposition, centrifugation and coagulation are other methods.
- Colloids and suspensions scatter light: the Tyndall effect.
Read the NCERT chapter
Read this chapter in the official NCERT textbook Exploration (2026-27 edition) for free on ncert.nic.in.
Source: NCERT, Exploration, Grade 9 (2026-27). NCERT chapter PDF. Spotted a mistake? Email edura.class9.yt@gmail.com. Last updated 11 October 2026.