EDURAClass 9 Notes
YouTube

Class 9 Social Science · Part 1 · Chapter 2 · Geography

Shaping of the Earth's Surface

Chapter summary from the NCERT 2026-27 textbook Understanding Society: India and Beyond. Detailed notes coming soon.

Detailed notes coming soon. This page is an accurate chapter summary from the NCERT 2026-27 textbook. Full notes with worked examples and practice questions are on the way; the video lesson is on YouTube.

Chapter at a glance

The Earth’s layers, internal forces (earthquakes, volcanoes, folding, faulting, plate tectonics) and external agents (running water, waves, glaciers, wind, groundwater) that shape landforms, and the disasters linked to them.

The Big Questions

  • What shapes the Earth’s surface?
  • What is plate tectonics? What are the effects of plate movement?
  • How are landforms formed and classified?
  • How are humans and other living beings connected to landforms?
  • How do disasters associated with different landforms affect human lives?

Read the NCERT chapter

Read this chapter in the official NCERT textbook Understanding Society: India and Beyond (2026-27 edition) for free on ncert.nic.in.

Open the NCERT chapter PDF

Source: NCERT, Understanding Society: India and Beyond, Grade 9 (2026-27). NCERT chapter PDF. Spotted a mistake? Email edura.class9.yt@gmail.com. Last updated 11 October 2026.