EDURAClass 9 Notes
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Class 9 Social Science · Part 1 · Chapter 4 · History

Early Humans and Beginning of Civilisation

Chapter summary from the NCERT 2026-27 textbook Understanding Society: India and Beyond. Detailed notes coming soon.

Detailed notes coming soon. This page is an accurate chapter summary from the NCERT 2026-27 textbook. Full notes with worked examples and practice questions are on the way; the video lesson is on YouTube.

Chapter at a glance

How early humans lived (Palaeolithic, Mesolithic, Neolithic), communication before writing, the role of archaeology, and the early river-valley (Bronze Age) civilisations and their interactions.

The Big Questions

  • How did humans live before civilisation began?
  • How did humans communicate before writing?
  • How does archaeology help us understand the past?
  • How did early civilisations interact with each other?

Read the NCERT chapter

Read this chapter in the official NCERT textbook Understanding Society: India and Beyond (2026-27 edition) for free on ncert.nic.in.

Open the NCERT chapter PDF

Source: NCERT, Understanding Society: India and Beyond, Grade 9 (2026-27). NCERT chapter PDF. Spotted a mistake? Email edura.class9.yt@gmail.com. Last updated 11 October 2026.